[House Hearing, 117 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
VOTING IN AMERICA: THE POTENTIAL FOR POLLING PLACE QUALITY AND
RESTRICTIONS ON OPPORTUNITIES TO VOTE TO INTERFERE WITH FREE AND FAIR
ACCESS TO THE BALLOT
=======================================================================
HEARING
before the
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ELECTIONS
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE
ADMINISTRATION
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
----------
JUNE 11, 2021
----------
Printed for the use of the Committee on House Administration
BOOK 2 OF 2
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Available on the Internet:
http://www.govinfo.gov/committee/house-administration
VOTING IN AMERICA: THE POTENTIAL FOR POLLING PLACE QUALITY AND
RESTRICTIONS ON OPPORTUNITIES TO VOTE TO INTERFERE WITH FREE AND FAIR
ACCESS TO THE BALLOT
BOOK 2 OF 2
VOTING IN AMERICA: THE POTENTIAL FOR POLLING PLACE QUALITY AND
RESTRICTIONS ON OPPORTUNITIES TO VOTE TO INTERFERE WITH FREE AND FAIR
ACCESS TO THE BALLOT
=======================================================================
HEARING
before the
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ELECTIONS
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE
ADMINISTRATION
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
__________
JUNE 11, 2021
__________
Printed for the use of the Committee on House Administration
BOOK 2 OF 2
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Available on the Internet:
http://www.govinfo.gov/committee/house-administration
______
U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
45-650 WASHINGTON : 2021
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION
ZOE LOFGREN, California, Chairperson
JAMIE RASKIN, Maryland RODNEY DAVIS, Illinois,
G. K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina Ranking Member
PETE AGUILAR, California BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia
MARY GAY SCANLON, Pennsylvania BRYAN STEIL, Wisconsin
TERESA LEGER FERNANDEZ, New Mexico
C O N T E N T S
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JUNE 11, 2021
BOOK 1
Page
Voting in America: The Potential For Polling Place Quality And
Restrictions On Opportunities To Vote To Interfere With Free
And Fair Access To The Ballot.................................. 1
OPENING STATEMENTS
Chairman G. K. Butterfield....................................... 1
Prepared statement of Chairman Butterfield................... 4
Hon. Bryan Steil, Ranking Member................................. 5
Prepared statement of Ranking Member Steil................... 12
WITNESSES
Panel 1
Stephen Pettigrew, Director of Data Sciences, University of
Pennsylvania................................................... 16
Prepared statement of Mr. Pettigrew.......................... 19
Jesselyn McCurdy, Interim Executive VP for Government Affairs,
Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights................ 27
Prepared statement of Ms. McCurdy............................ 29
Kevin Morris, Quantitative Researcher, Democracy Brennan Center
for Justice.................................................... 36
Prepared statement of Mr. Kevin Morris....................... 38
Mimi Marziani, President, Texas Civil Rights Project............. 48
Prepared statement of Ms. Marziani........................... 50
Donald Palmer, Chair, U.S. Election Assistance Commission........ 64
Prepared statement of Mr. Palmer............................. 66
Panel 2
Michael C. Herron, Professor, Dartmouth University............... 81
Prepared statement of Mr. Herron............................. 84
Gilda Daniels, Director of Litigation Advancement Project........ 98
Prepared statement of Ms. Daniels............................ 100
Danielle Lang, Director, Voting Rights, Campaign Legal Center.... 122
Prepared statement of Ms. Lang............................... 124
Isabel Longoria, Elections Administrator, Harris County, Texas... 166
Prepared statement of Ms. Longoria........................... 168
Ashlee N. Titus, Board Member and Corporate Secretary, Lawyers
Democracy Fund................................................. 191
Prepared statement of Ms. Titus.............................. 193
QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD
Stephen Pettigrew, Director of Data Sciences, University of
Pennsylvania, answers to submitted questions................... 218
Jesselyn McCurdy, Interim Executive VP for Government Affairs,
Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, answers to
submitted questions............................................ 222
Kevin Morris, Quantitative Researcher, Democracy Brennan Center
for Justice, answers to submitted questions.................... 228
Mimi Marziani, President, Texas Civil Rights Project, answers to
submitted questions............................................ 231
Donald Palmer, Chair, U.S. Election Assistance Commission,
answers to submitted questions................................. 237
Michael C. Herron, Professor, Dartmouth University, answers to
submitted questions............................................ 239
Gilda Daniels, Director of Litigation Advancement Project,
answers to submitted questions................................. 242
Danielle Lang, Director, Voting Rights, Campaign Legal Center,
answers to submitted questions................................. 244
Isabel Longoria, Elections Administrator, Harris County, Texas,
answers to submitted questions................................. 250
SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD
Appendix A....................................................... 259
Kevin Morris Testimony....................................... 260
Waiting to Vote.......................................... 260
Appendix B....................................................... 295
Kevin Morris Testimony....................................... 296
Did Consolidating Polling Places in Milwaukee Depress
Turnout................................................ 296
Voting in a Pandemic: COVID-19 and Primary Turnout in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin................................... 300
Appendix C....................................................... 317
Kevin Morris Testimony....................................... 318
Purges: A Growing Threat to the Right to Vote............ 318
Florida, Georgia, North Carolina Still Purging Voters at
High Rates............................................. 352
Purge Rates Remain High, Analysis Finds.................. 356
Appendix D....................................................... 363
Mimi Marziani Testimony, May 3, 2019......................... 364
Appendix E....................................................... 375
Mimi Marziani Testimony, May 13, 2020........................ 376
Appendix F....................................................... 391
Mimi Marziani Testimony, September 9, 2020................... 392
Additional Material.............................................. 413
Democracy Diverted: Polling Place Closures and the Right to
Vote, The Leadership Conference Education Fund, 2019....... 414
We Vote, We Count: The Need for Congressional Action to
Secure the Right to Vote for All Citizens, The Advancement
Project, 2019.............................................. 496
Are All Precincts Created Equal: The Prevalence of Low-
Quality Precincts in Low-Income and Minority Communities,
Matt A. Bareto et al., 2008................................ 581
Waiting in Line to Vote, Charles Stewart III and Stephen
Ansolabehere, 2013.........................................
Race, Party, and the Consequences of Restricting Early Voting
in Florida in the 2012 General Election, Michael C. Herron
and Daniel A. Smith, 2014..................................
Waiting to Vote, Charles Stewart III and Stephen
Ansolabehere, 2015......................................... 596
Race, Shelby County, and the Voter Information Verification
Act in North Carolina, Michael D. Herron and Daniel A.
Smith, 2016................................................ 603
Precinct Resources and Voter Wait Times, Michael C. Herron
and Daniel A. Smith, 2016.................................. 646
The Racial Gap in Wait Times: Why Minority Precincts Are
Underserved by Local Election Officials, Stephen Pettigrew,
2017....................................................... 661
Assessing the Efficacy of Early Voting Access on Indian
Reservations: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Nevada,
Jean Schroedel et al., 2019................................ 682
How Polling Place Changes Reduce Turnout: Evidence from
Administrative Data in North Carolina, Jesse Yoder, 2019... 714
Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times: Evidence from
Smartphone Data, M. Keith Chen et al., 2020................ 768
The Downstream Consequences of Long Waits: How Lines at the
Precinct Depress Future Turnout, Stephen Pettigrew, 2020... 830
Voting by Mail in a VENMO World: Assessing Rejected Absentee
Ballots in Georgia, Enrijeta Shino et al., 2020............ 872
BOOK 2
2014 EAC Election Administration and Voting Survey Comprehensive
Report, submission............................................. 901
2016 Survey of the Performance of American Elections Final
Report, Charles Stewart III, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, submission......................................... 1209
September 22, 2021 Letter to PA Sec. Boockvar and Mr. Jonathan
Marks re election security and administration issues,
submission..................................................... 1683
September 22, 2020 Letter to NY State Board of Elections Chair
Kosinski and CO Chair Douglas Kellner re election security and
administration issues, submission.............................. 1686
Notice of Complaint--HAVA/CARES Act Funds, Letter to Hon. Alex
Padilla, CA Secretary of State, U.S. Election Assistance
Commission, submission......................................... 1690
September 22, 2020 Ranking Member Davis Letter to NJ Secretary of
State Tahesha Way, submission.................................. 1693
SKDK OLS-DGS Approved, SKD Knickerbocker LLC, submission......... 1696
February 19, 2021 Letter to IG Layfield re $35 million GOTV
contract from CA Secretary of State to SKD Knickerbocker,
submission..................................................... 1752
March 18, 2021 Letter to Commissioner Palmer re EAC management of
$825 million grants during 2020 election, submission........... 1755
August 14, 2020 Chicago Board of Election Commissioners, Letter
to Ranking Member Davis, submission............................ 1758
May 2021, 28% of Florida ZuckBucks Lingered After the 2020
Election--Tainting Midterms, Public Interest Legal Foundation,
submission..................................................... 1760
2018 Election Administration Policy Survey, U.S. Election
Assistance Commission, submission.............................. 1763
October 15, 2020 CA Secretary of State Alex Padilla Letter to
Mona Harrington re complaint alleging improper use of federal
funds for GOTV activities, submission.......................... 1775
October 1, 2020 Letter to NC State Board of Elections Members re
proposed settlement with NC Alliance for Retired Americans,
submission..................................................... 1783
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to Philadelphia
County Supervisor of Elections Garrett Dietz re June 2nd
primary election issues, submission............................ 1789
July 22, 2020 NYC Board of Elections Ranking Member Rodney Davis
Letter to Anne Taylor re June 23rd primary, submission......... 1792
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to Multnomah
County Director of Elections Tim Scott re May 19th primary,
submission..................................................... 1795
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to Los Angeles
County Registrar Dean C. Logan re March 3rd primary election,
submission..................................................... 1797
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to Harris County
Clerk Chris Hollins re March 3rd primary, submission........... 1801
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to Fulton County
Chairperson Mary Carole Cooney re June 9th primary election,
submission..................................................... 1803
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to DC Board of
Elections Chair Michael Bennett re DC June 2nd primary,
submission..................................................... 1806
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to City of
Chicago Board of Election Commissioners Chair Marisel A.
Hernandez re March 17th primary, submission.................... 1809
July 22, 2020 Ranking Member Rodney Davis Letter to Champaign
County Clerk Aaron Ammons re March 17th primary election,
submission..................................................... 1812
2016 Election Day Voter Experience Survey Highlights, U.S. Vote
Foundation, submission......................................... 1815
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]